Franchino Gaffori, born at Lodi at January 14th, 1451, in a noble family, he studied Latin literature and music at the Monastero Benedettino di S. Pietro, then Cantore at Duomo in Lodi. He became priest in 1473 and got some musical instruction of the Dutch monk J. Godenach (also called Godendach). From 1474 - 1478 at the court in Mantua, after that a short time in Verona and then 2 years in Naples, where he did meet J. Tinctoris and developed new ideas to harmony. In 1480 (Naples) he published "Theoricum opus musicae disciplina". 3 years teaching activities in Montecelli d'Ongina followed by a short role as chapel master in Bergamo. Since 1484 chapel master of the Duomo of Milano, where he stayed 38 years till his death with close relations to court of the Sforzas and with personal contacts to Johannes Martini and Leonardo da Vinci, in the 90ies of 15th century also active in Pavia He left lots of music theoritical tractats, and he's said to have been influenced by Netherlandish music, perhaps according his early, but short instructions of Godendach. The famous painting at the side is said to present Franchino Gaffurio and is ascribed to Leonardo da Vinci. Works:
The following picture (below) is dated at an internet page with "1469" as the "frontespizio of Franchino Gaffurio, De praticae musicae", but a comparition with the life dates of Gaffurio shows, that here is a simple writing error and "1496" is the correct datation. So, as in first surprize assumed, not Gaffurio with his representation could have influenced Lazzarelli (who's latest publishing date is 1482), but the logical (momentary) research situation sees either Lazzarelli influencing Gaffurio or both reflecting a general farspread relation between planetaric spheres and Muses. Gaffurio (* 1451), Lazzarelli (* 1450) and Niccolo da Correggio (alias Giovanni "Mercurio" da Correggio, * 1450) are all the same age, as the current research situation doesn't allow clear insight in the stations of Lazzarelli's life, a relation and personal friendship to Gaffurio cannot be excluded, so the influence between both might have been a very personal one. Lazzarelli was not only poet and later "magician", but also musician with public representations, as reported from 1469 in Padua (unclear source). A meeting of Gaffurio and Lazzarelli in the late 70ies should have been likely, when they had a time in the same city. Perhaps the successes of all 3 young men (Lazzarelli in the Roman Pomponean Accademia in the early 80ies, Niccolo da Correggio as theatre manager in January 1487 and Gaffurio 1484) at the same or a similar time touch each other. Also Leonardo da Vinci is of similar age (* 1452), who in 1484 was already at the Sforza court since 1480, but was not already the famous and well paid artist as he became later. He at least has direct relationships to Gaffurio and should have known also Niccolo da Correggio who had a familiry relationship to the Sforzas - both, Leonardo and Niccolo, engaged in theatre questions and one of the major activities of Leonardo at the Sforza court was the creation of technical constructions for the famous shows at the Sforza courts in the 90ies. |
![]() "It was not until 1904 that the hand and sheet of music were discovered underneath overpaintings, and it is these that have given the painting its present title. Since this discovery, efforts have also been made to identify the person depicted. The names of two important court musicians in Milan during that period are known: Franchino Gaffurio (1451-1522) and Josquin des Prés (c. 1450-1521). But there is no clear indication enabling us to identify either of these two in this portrait. The attribution to Leonardo is debated. If the picture is Leonardo's work, this is the only portrait of a man executed by Leonardo." (the picture is dated to 1490). As far it is recognizeable, the paper shows (probably) the Pythagorean Lambda |
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3 Charites | Apollo |
unidentified object | |
(8 Muses, the 9th is added to the bottom group) | (from Archimedes (?)) | (according Plutarch and Ptolomaios (?)) | (8 Spheres according Ptolomaios) |
URANIA | MESE | DIUS HYPERMIXOLY | CELUM STELLATI |
POLYHYMNIA | SON LYCHANOSME | TONUS MIXOLYDIUS | SATURN |
EUTERPE | MESON PARHYPATE | TONUS LYDIUS | JUPITER |
ERATHO | SON HYPATEME | SEMITONUS PHRYGIUS | MARS |
MELPOMENE | PATON LYCHANOSHY | TONUS DORIUS | SOL |
TERPSICORE | EHYPATO PARHYPAT | TONUS HYPOLYDIUS | VENUS |
CALIOPE | ATON HYPATEHYP | SEMITONIUM HYPOPHRYGIUS | MERCURIUS |
CLIO | MENE PROSIAMBANO | HYPERDORIUS | LUNA |
IGNIS AER AQUA TERRA THALIA |
The left middle column shows rare expressions, which seem to have appeared in the context of Archimedes, the right shows expression, which seem to more common in old music theory and possibly to go back to Plutarch. This Link contains a text of Gaffurio, in which the expressions are used, this link also shows some of the expressions (main link. .of this site, whixh is complex work to the work of a French mathematican, who also had some relationship to music, Francesco Maurolico (1494-1575), also specialised on Archimedes. As I'm not very interested in music, it's difficult to understand the discussion.
This article has a provisional character, perhaps it will change in short time.
(autorbis)