Empress - Tarot card
3, Empress
Other names:
Imperatrix, L'Imperatrice, Linperatryce, replaced by the card "Western Emperor" in the Minchiate of Florence, belongs to the 4 figures, which are replaced by the 4 Moors in the Tarocchino of Bologna.
Oldest appearances:
Cary-Yale
Pierpont-Morgan-Bergamo
Rosenwald
group printed sheets
Cary-Sheet
Catelin Geofroy
Lombardy I (?)
A queen crowned with a shield in her hand and the baton of command in the other characterizes the image of this triumph in the Visconti Sforza Tarots (
figure 1
) where the presence of three rings with a point of recurrent diamonds in her dress, identify the represented person as Bianca Maria Sforza , as Giuliana Algeri attests (
The Zavattari, a family of painters and the longobard culture in Lombardy
, 1981, pp.61-64). She in fact, always wanted to be known as “Cremonae Domina, Ducissa Mediolani” (Lady of Cremona, Duchess of Milan) in ducal coins and in every heading. Really, the heraldic rings constituted one of the emblems of the Sforza that the family ascribed to itself after the victory, around 1420, over Cabrino Fondulo, Master of Cremona, to whom this emblem belonged. The other emblems in the empress's suit, the palm and the laurel, for a long time belonged to the heraldic patrimony of that lineage. The emblem of the three rings as a symbol of the Sforza is attested in numerous manuscripts among which the Latin Urbinate 899 of the Vatican Library in which the Wedding of Costanzo Sforza with Camilla in Aragon is narrated.
An eagle is represented on the empress’s shield, that is perhaps the most represented animal in heraldry since ancient times. It became symbol of the Roman legions, insignia of the Byzantine empire, emblem of the regal dynasty of the Hohenstaufen and symbol, adopted by Charlemagne (Charles the Great), of the Sacred Romano Empire, because he wanted to perpetuate the power that he had had in Augustus, his first representative.
As to why this bird was selected to symbolize power, we need to recall tradition. Dionigi Areopagita writes: “The aspect of the eagles reveals their regal character and the rush upwards and the rapid flight and the acuteness and the sobriety and the agility and the ingenuity to get the food that makes them strong, and their look, inflexibly ahead and without obstacles, turns toward the abundant and bright ray of the God Hierarchy solar issue in the strong extensions of the visual virtues" (
All the works
, translation by P. Scazzoso, 1981, page 133). Prerogatives that obviously the holders of the power adapted well to themselves.
Also the Christian world resorted to the eagle setting as symbol of Christ. In the
Liber formularum spiritalis intelligentiae
by Saint Eucherio of Lyon, who was one of the most authoritative figures in the Gallican Church of the V century, we can read: «The Eagles are the saints; in the Gospel (
Matthew
24,28) it is written: “Wherever there is a corpse, here the eagles will be assembled”. Because the holy souls, when they go out of the body, they meet Christ, who dying became himself a corpse for them. The eagle also means Christ, as in Salomon (
Proverbs
30, 19), that is the ascension of Christ».
In the
Theobaldi Physiologus
of the XI century (II) the initial verses about the eagle affirm: “Esse ferunt aquilam super omne volatile primam, / quae se sic renovat , quando senecta gravat: / fons ubi sit, quaerit, qui numquam surgere desit; / it super hunc coelo fitque propinqua Deo” (They say that the eagle is superior to all the flying beings and when old age burdens it grows again, looks for the source that never stops streaming; flies above it and arrives next to God). Verses that should also be symbolically interpreted as the ability of every good ruler, obviously superior to every other man, to govern well, despite old age, thanks to the continuous research and appeal of those people who are able to offer wise suggestions, and thus approaching, through the correct choices of command, to the wish of that God from which the sceptre of power is received.
The iconography of this triumph was practically unchanged in the following productions up until the occult tarots. In a certain way, in those by Wirth, some elements approach the figure of the empress to the Virgo of the Apocalypse (
figure 2
): the Moon under her feet, that indicates the dominion over sublunar things, that is earthly things; the twelve stars around her head and finally the wings, that had already appeared in the Marseille Tarot (
figure 3
) and allowed her to quickly ascend to save the child trapped by the dragon, a dirty beast that had also become an attribute of the Virgo of the apocalypse: “...a woman dressed by the sun appeared in the sky, with the moon under her feet and a crown of twelve stars on her head” (
Apocalypse
XII, 1).
Extract WWPCM, special Tarot motifs with related deck
Visconti Tarocchi
Deck
* I Tarocchi dei Visconti Sforza - Italy, Dal Negro (reprint of original from after 1450)
Deck
* I Tarocchi dei Visconti - Italy, Lo Scarabeo (remake of 1995)
Deck
* Italy Tarot - Ukraine, unknown (2003) (no small arcana, additional great arcana)
Incomplete Visconti Tarocchi
Deck
* Pierpont Morgan, Visconti Sforza - Switzerland, AGM (1975, reprint of ca. 1450)
Tarot de Marseille
Deck
* VSS, Germany (2001, reprint of 1930/1748)
Deck
* Grimaud, Tarot of Marseilles - France (1963, reprint of 1761 of Nicolas Convert)
Deck
* Fournier, Tarot of Marseilles - Spain (1984, reprint of 18th century)
Deck
* Tarot de Marseille, reprint AGMüller, Switzerland (1870)
Deck
* Fournier, Le Tarot de Marseille - France (1992)
Incomplete versions of Tarot de Marseille
Deck
* 1743, by Jean Payen, Tarot de Marseille / 1760 complete version of Nicolaus Conver, reprint of 1860
Deck
* G.Drago, Tarot of Marseilles - Italy (ca. 1790)
Deck
* Gorizia, Tarot of Marseilles (18th c.)
Deck
* Berti, Tarot of Marseilles (18th c.)
Deck
* Tarot of Marseilles - Italy, unknown (ca. 1830)
Deck
* Gassmann, Tarot of Marseilles - Switzerland (1840 - 1860)
Tarot Besancon
Deck
* 1920, probably older woodblocks from J.Jerger, "Renault", Tarot de Besancon
Incomplete versions of Tarot Besancon
Deck
* 1748, reprint from ca. 1889 by "Grimaud" France, called "Ancient Tarot de Marseille" edition by Arnoult
Deck
* Besancon Tarot, ca 1760, Goebl (Bavaria)
Tarocco Piemontese
Deck
* Fabbrica di Vergnano, Tarocco Piedmontese, Italy ca. 1850
Deck
* 1884, A. Viassione (Torino, Italy) Tarocco Piemontese
Deck
* Dal Negro (Italy), Tarocchi Piemontese
Tarot Belgique
Deck
* Tarot Flamand - Swiss, AGM (reprint from 1780, Vandenboerre deck)
Deck
* 1831/1974, reproduction AGMüller (Suisse), Tarot
Deck
* ca. 1870 "J.Gaudais" (Paris, France), deck "Tarot", (!!!) with Juno + Jupiter - pair
Egypt Tarot and variations
Deck
* AGMuller, Switzerland) for USGS, USA, "Egipcios Kier Tarot"
Deck
* Ibis Tarot (Egypt Tarot) - Russia, by Josef Machynka (modern)
Deck
* Union Chernobil, "Egypt Tarot", Russia 2006
Rider-Waite-Smith and variations
Deck
* Novosibirsk, Tarot of A.Waite - Russsia (1909/2001)
Deck
* Universal Waite Tarot, AGMüller, Switzerland
Deck
* The Golden Rider Tarot, AGMüller, Switzerland
Deck
* De tarot in de Herstelde Orde - Holland, Servire (1995)(changed numbers)
Deck
* since 2002, "Carta Mundi" (Belgium), publisher "Lo Scarabeo" (Italy), deck "Universal Tarot"
Deck
* Tarot of the New Vision - Italy, Lo Scarabeo (2003)
Older decks with traditional number-row:
Deck
* I Tarocchini - Italy, Dal Negro (reprint of 1665 Mitelli-deck)
Deck
* Classical Tarot - Italy, Lo Scarabeo (2000, engravings from 1835)
Deck
* Papus Tarot - Swiss, AGM (1989, original from 1889, small arcana from 1981)
Deck
* Tarot of the Master (2002), remake of a deck of 1893, Lo Scarabeo
Deck
* Cartomanzia Italiana, Solleone, Italy (19th/1983)
Deck
* 1910 - 1912, Guglielmo Murari, deck "I Tarocchi"
Deck
* 1922, Fratelli Armanino (Rome), Tarocchi
Deck
* Crowley Tarot, AGMüller, Switzerland (1938-1944 / 1978)
Deck
* Fournier, Spanish Tarot - Spain(1992)
Incomplete older decks with traditional number row
Deck
* Tarot de Paris, 17th century, unknown reprint
Deck
* Gumppenberg, Historical Tarock, Italy (1812)
Deck
* ca. 1870, "Grimaud" (France) deck "Tarot"
Deck
* 1885, Edoardo Dotti, Milan, Dellarocca Tarot
Deck
* Venezian Tarock - Italy, Modiano (1964)
New Periode decks:
Deck
* Aquarian Tarot - Swiss, AGM (1970)
Deck
* Morgan-Greer Tarot - Swiss, AGM (1999 ?, first published 1979)
Deck
* Hermetic Tarot - Swiss, AGM (1980)
Deck
* I Tarocchi di Enzo Viviani, 1980/81, limited edition (no small arcana)
Deck
* Hanson-Roberts Tarot - Swiss, AGM (1984)
Deck
* Tarot Cat People - USA, USGS (since 1985)
Deck
* Deva Tarot - Austria, Piatnik (1986)
Deck
* Eclectic Tarot - Austria, Piatnik (1986)
Deck
* Barbara Walker Tarot, 1986
Deck
* Arcus Arcanum Tarot - Switzerland, AGMüller (1986)
Deck
* Capital - I Tarocchi del Manager, artist Giorgio Ghidoli, 1986
Deck
* Mythic Tarot, 1986 (1997 Chinese edition)
Deck
* Mithological Tarot, KSP+, Russia (1986/1999)
Deck
* Herbal Tarot - Swiss, AGM (1988)
Deck
* 1988/1998 "Llewellyn Publications" (USA), deck "Gypsy Fortune Telling Tarot"
Deck
* Gypsy Tarot, Russia 2005, reprint "Gypsy Fortune Telling Tarot" (1988/98)
Deck
* Ansata Tarot - Switzerland, AGMuller (ca. 1988 ?) (no small Arcana)
Deck
* Tarot of the Ages - Swiss, AGM (1988)
Deck
* Art Nouveaux Tarot, Carta Mundi, Belgium (1989)
Deck
* Enchanted Tarot - USA, St.M.Press (1990)
Deck
* Haindl Tarot - Swiss, AGM (1990)
Deck
* Tarot of the Origins, Lo Scarabeo, Italy (1991/2000)
Deck
* Tarot of the Imagination, Lo Scarabeo, Italy (1991, 2000)(small Arcana incomplete)
Deck
Lo Scarabeo, Tarocchi dei Celti, Italy 1991
Deck
* Tarot of the Gold Dawn, Fair-Press, Russia (1991, 2001)
Deck
* Tarot, Unisam, Russia (1992) (no small arcana)
Deck
* Russian Tarot of St. Petersburg - Swiss, AGM (1992)
Deck
* Egorov Tarot - Austria, Piatnik (1992)
Deck
* Tarot of lovers, KSP+, Russia (1992/2000)
Deck
* Tarot-93 - Russia, Mozaisk (1993)
Deck
* Medieval Scapini Tarot - Swiss, AGM (1994)
Deck
* Tarot of Ceremonial Magick - USA, USGS (since 1994)
Deck
* Piatnik, Tarot, Austria (1995)
Deck
* I Tarocchi Dell'Alba Dorata (Tarots of the Golden Dawn) - Italy, Lo Scarabeo (1995)
Deck
* Tarot of the Gnomes - Italy, Lo Scarabeo (1995)
Deck
* Illuminating Ancient Tarots - Italy, Lo Scarabeo (1995, based on Sola Busca from 1491)
Deck
* Hudes Tarot, 1995, USA
Deck
* 1995, "Carta Mundi" (Belgium) for "USGS" (USA), deck "Unicorn Tarot", Artist Liz Hilton
Deck
* 1996, "AGMuller" (Switzerland), for "USGS" (USA), deck No.12.468 "Tarot of Gemstones and Crystals"
Deck
* Rock Art Tarot, 1996
Deck
* Old English Tarot - Swiss, AGM (1996)
Deck
* Kalevala Tarot - Swiss, AGM (1996)
Deck
* Kazanlar Tarot, AGMüller, Switzerland (1996)
Deck
* Cosmic Tarot, AGMüller, Switzerland (1997)
Deck
* RenaissanceTarot - Swiss, AGM (1997)
Deck
* Diamond Tarot - Switzerland, AGMuller (1997)
Deck
* "USGS" (USA), printed in China, deck "The Zerner&Farber Tarot", 1997
Deck
* "Lo Scarabeo" (Italy), deck "The Fairy Tarots", 1998, publisher "Fair-press" (Russia), designed by Antonio Lupatelli
Deck
* Tarot: Oracle of the Tsar Solomon - Lithuania, Calendar (1998) (additional great arcana)
Deck
* Tarot of the Sephiroth Swiss, AGM (1998)
Deck
* The Renaissance Tarot - USA, Fireside (1998)
Deck
* Art Nouveau Tarot - Italy, Lo Scarabeo (1998)
Deck
* The Goddess Tarot - Swiss, AGM (1998)
Deck
* Tavaglione Tarot (Stairs of Gold Tarot) - Russia (1998 ?)
Deck
* The Secret Tarots, Lo Scarabeo, Italy (1998)
Deck
* Shapeshifter / Tarot of Transformations, Nirwana, Russia (1998/2001)
Deck
* Baphomet, Tarot of the Underworld, Urania, Switzerland (1999) (no small arcana)
Deck
* Fantastical Tarot - Swiss, AGM (1999)
Deck
* The Celtic Dragon Tarot - USA, Llewellyn (1999)
Deck
* Nefertari's Tarots - Italy, Lo Scarabeo (1999)
Deck
* Workman Publishing, "Baseball Tarot", USA 1999
Deck
* Transcendential Tarot "Key of Hermes", Russia, A.Zaraev (1999)
Deck
* Tarot of Spiritual Evolution "Key of Hermes" Russia, A.Zaraev (1999)
Deck
* One World Tarot, 1999
Deck
* Votre Tarot, France 2000
Deck
* Celtic Tarot - Belgium, Carta Mundi (2000)
Deck
* Magic Tarot - Russia, KSP+ (2000)
Deck
* Vedic Tarot - Russia, KSP+ (2000)
Deck
* The Cosmic Tribe Tarot - Russia, KSP+
Deck
* Ppus Tarot - Ukraine, Siromjatnikoff (2000)
Deck
* Duerer Tarot - TarotClub(2000) (no small arcana)
Deck
* Tarot of Casanova - Italy, Lo Scarabeo (2000)
Deck
* The Crystal Tarot - Italy, Lo Scarabeo (2000)
Deck
* The Vampire Tarot - USA, USGS (since 2000)
Deck
* Animal Tarot - USA, Paula Gibby (ca. 2000)
Deck
* The Blue Rose Tarot - USA, Paula Gibby (ca. 2000)
Deck
* Union Chernobil, Cards of Tarot - Russia (2001)
Deck
* Mirror of fate - Russia, unknown (2001)
Deck
* Gregori Tarot, Russia, unknown (2001)
Deck
* Secret Tarot - Belgium, Carta Mundi (2001)
Deck
* Tarot of Third Millenium (Röhrig Tarot) - Russia, Tarot Academy (2001)
Deck
* 2000, "Carta Mundi" (Belgium), for "USGS" (USA), deck "Whimsical Tarot", Artist Mary Hanson-Roberts
Deck
* Tarot of the Sphinx, 2001, Lo Scarabeo
Deck
* Decameron Tarot - Italy, Lo Scarabeo (2002)
Deck
* Etruscan Tarot - Italy, Lo Scarabeo (2002)
Deck
* Zinatne, "Latvian Tarot", Latvia 2002
Deck
* Tarot of Nostradamus's dreams - Russia, Starcklight (2002)
Deck
* Gold Tarot of doctor Paracelsus - Russia, KSP+ (2002)
Deck
* Tarot of ancient wisdom (Old Path) - Russia (2002)
Deck
* Universal Tarot (Connolly Tarot)- Russia, unknown (2002)
Deck
* Tarot of Fortune - Russia, CPP (2002)
Deck
* Round tarot of Woman Authority (Mother Peace 2) - Russia, North Scoop (2002)
Deck
* Tarot Major Arcana - Russia (2002) (no small arcana)
Deck
* Olympus Tarot, Lo Scarabeo, Italy (2002)
Deck
* The Golden Tarot of the Tsar, Lo Scarabeo, Italy (2002)
Deck
* Tarot of the Journey to the Orient (Marco Polo), 2002, Lo Scarabeo
Deck
* Celtic Tarot, Russia 2003
Deck
* Rocambol Tarot, Russia 2003
Deck
* New Century Tarot, 2003, USA
Deck
* Leonardo da Vinci Tarot, 2003 (Lo Scarabeo)
Deck
* Cabbalistic Tarot G.O.M. - Switzerland, Aenigma (2003)
Deck
* Manara Tarot - Russia, Avvalon (2003)
Deck
* Osho Zen Tarot - Russia, unknown (2003)
Deck
* Casanova Tarot - Ukraine, unknown (2003) (no small arcana, additional great arcana)
Deck
* Russian Love Tarot - Ukraine, unknown (2003) (no small arcana, additional great arcana)
Deck
* India Tarot - Ukraine, unknown (2003) (no small arcana, additional great arcana)
Deck
* Tarot of Prague - Czech, A.Ukolov (ca. 2003)
Deck
* Love Tarot 2 - Ukraine, unknown, (2003) (no small arcana, additional great arcana)
Deck
* Tarot of Mermaids - Italy, Lo Scarabeo (2003)
Deck
* The Matrix reloaded - Ukraine, unknown, (2003)
Deck
* Magic Tarot, unknown (2003) (no small arcana, additional great arcana)
Deck
* 2003, unknown (Ukraine), Tarot
Deck
* 2004, unknown (Russia), Tarot
Deck
* 2004, "Lo Scarabeo" (Italy), deck "Dragons Tarot", designed by Manfredi Toraldo & Severino Baraldi
Deck
* 2004, "Lo Scarabeo" (Italy), deck "Tarot of Druids", designed by Bepi Vigna, Severino Baraldi, Antonio Lupatelli
Deck
* 2004, "Lo Scarabeo" (Italy), deck "Fey Tarot", Artist Mara Aghem
Deck
* Arkaim, Apollo Tarot, Russia 2004
Deck
* Arkaim, Shakespeare Tarot, Russia 2004
Deck
* Arkaim, Tales Tarot, by V. Trosinenko, Russia 2004
Deck
* Arkaim, Bible Tarot by M. Parhetova, Russia 2004
Deck
* Labyrinth Tarot, Spain 2005, by Luis Royo
Deck
* 'Book World', Da Vinci Tarot, Russia 2006, reprint of "The Da Vinci Enigma Tarot", 2005
Deck
* 2005 "Avvallon " (Russia) deck "Tarot of the 78 doors", reprint of "Lo Scarabeo" (Italy) edition designed by Pietro Alligo & Antonella Platano
Deck
* Tarot Love, 2005, Russia
Deck
* Union Chernobil, Silver Age Tarot, Russia 2006
Deck
* Roberto Meiattini, Tarocco erotico dei giardini di priapo, designed by Amerigo Folchi
Deck
* The Tarot of Durer - Italy, Lo Scarabeo (modern)
Deck
* Russian Tarot - Russia, unknown (Victor Bakhtin ?)(modern)
Deck
* Tarot of Magic Raven - Russia, unknown (modern)
Deck
* Palladini Tarot - unknown (modern)
Deck
* Mysterious Tarot of Egypt - Russia, Novosibirsk (modern)
Deck
* Holy Tarot of Tot, Russia, Sofia (modern)
Deck
* CPP, Tarot - Russia (modern)
Deck
* Tarot of Aquarius's era - Russia, CPP (modern)
Deck
* The New Orleans VooDoo Tarot - USA, Destiny Books (modern)
Deck
* I Tarocchi - Italy, unknown (production time unknown) (no small arcana)
Deck
* Tarot Floral (modern), Lo Scarabeo
Animal Tarot, complete
Deck
* ca. 1790 Claude Rochais Animal Tarock
Deck
* Daveluy, Animal Tarot - Belgium (19th/20th c. ?)
Deck
* Animal Tarot, Geuens Seaux, Belgium
Deck
* Adler Cego Tarot - Germany, ASS (1976), since 1931 (?)
Animal Tarot, incomplete
Deck
* A. Göbl, Bavarian Animal Tarot - Germany (1750)
Deck
* ca. 1780, Guilleaume Mann, Colmar (Germany), Bavarian Animal Tarot
Deck
* 1790, J. M. Backofen, Bavarian Animal Tarot
Deck
* 1795, J. de Porre (Belgium), Animal Tarot
Deck
* J.G.Backofen, Animal Tarock, Germany (1800)
Deck
* ca. 1800, unknown, (Luebeck, Germany), Baltic Tarot
Deck
* Industrie-Comptoir, Animal Tarot - Germany (1810)
Deck
* ca. 1815, Jacob Wokaun (Czechia), Upper Austrian animal Tarot
Deck
* Sewera, Animal Tarock - Czechia (1849)
Deck
* Uffenheimer - Animal Tarock (1837)
Deck
* C.T.Sutor, Animal Tarock (19th c. ?)
Deck
* CPP, Tarock with Animals - Russia (1920)
Military Tarot, complete
Deck
* Piatnik, Soldaten Tarock - Austria (1918)
Military Tarot, incomplete
Deck
* ca. 1785, Martin Boehme (?), Dresden Germany, Military Tarot
Deck
* F.Eurich, Tarock - Austria (1816)
Deck
* Glanz, Franz Josef, Military Tarock - Austria (1854)
Deck
* Glanz, Franz Josef, Military Tarock - Austria (1858)
Deck
* Glanz, Franz Josef Military Tarock - Austria (1865 or 63)
Deck
* Glanz, Franz Josef, Military Tarock - Austria (1885)
Tarock with buildings, complete
Deck
* Franz Xaver Milchram, Grazer Tarock, Austria 1825, reprinted by Piatnik 1995
Deck
* Pittner, Graz Tarock - Austria (1870)
Deck
* Piatnik, Tarot - Austria (1974, reprint of 19th)
Deck
* S.Salomon&Co, Holmblads Spillekort Forretning - Denmark (ca. 1910)
Deck
* Frommann&Morian, Ansichtentarock, Germany 1929
Incomplete Tarock with buildings
Deck
* "J.G.Uffenheimer" Tarock (?), Germany c.1830
Deck
* "J.G.Uffenheimer" Tarock, Austria (?) c.1830
Other decks (mainly Tarock for playing) - usually trumps and courts
Deck
* Mythology Tarock, 1820, Hungary
Deck
* Industrie-Comptoir, Tarock, Germany 1839
Deck
* Piatnik, Industrie und Gluck Tarock - Austria (since 1843)
Deck
* "Il Meneghello", deck "Tarocco Maria Stuarda", Italy 2004, reprint of c.1845 edition of "Fabrica Dotti" (Milan)
Deck
* Glanz, Constitution Tarock - Austria (1848)
Deck
* Piatnik, Habsburger Tarock, Austria 1850, reprinted 1993
Deck
* Dondorf, Microscopic Tarock - Germany (1858-1933)
Deck
* Piatnik, Can-Can Tarock, Austria, since c.1860
Deck
* C.L.Wuest, Tarot - Germany (since 1890)
Deck
* Catel, Jeu de Tarot - France (19th/20th ?)
Deck
* Grimaud standard deck - France (groups of persons)(19th/20th ?)
Deck
* Vannak, Szerencse Fel Tarock - Hungary (1901)
Deck
* Joseph Glanz, Tarock No.1 - Austria (1906)
Deck
* Modiano, Alan-Tarock - Italy (since 1910)
Deck
* Alan Tarot - Italy, Modiano (since 1981, reprint of 1910)
Deck
* Erste Slowenische Spielkartenfabrik, Tarock (1912)
Deck
* Franz Adametz, Industrie und Gluck Tarock, Austria since 1930
Deck
* Tarot des Regions de France - France, Grimaud (1986)
Deck
* Fournier, Nuevo Juego del Tarot - Spain (1977)
Deck
* 1991, Kolin (Czechia), Taroky
Deck
* Jeu de Tarot, France, Heron (20th c. ?)
Deck
* Tarocco, Modiano, Italy
Deck
* French Tarock, ASS
Incomplete other decks (mainly Tarock for playing)
Deck
* Sachsentarock, ca. 1778, Breitkopf - Leipziger Kartenfabrik
Deck
* A.Goebl Tarock, Germany c.1780
Deck
* 1800 J.D. Backofen, Tarock ?
Deck
* 18th P.F. Ulrich, Tarock
Deck
* J.C.DuPort, Tarock - Poland (18th c.)
Deck
* C.F.Pfeiffer, Tarock - Germany (18th/19th c. ?)
Deck
* Napoleon Tarock - France, unknown (1808)
Deck
* Turkey - Germany. unknown (1810)
Deck
* Estel, Chinese Tarock - Austria (1820)
Deck
* Joseph Estel, Tarot - Austria (1823)
Deck
* Mythology Tarock, 1825, Frankfurt
Deck
* Bechstein - Tarock, Germany (1835)
Deck
* Emil Hirschfeld, Tarot - Austria (1844)
Deck
* "?" Austria "Chinese Tarock", c.1850
Deck
* Kobitsch, Tarock - Germany (1855)
Deck
* Piatnik, Hunter Tarock, Austria (1856)
Deck
* Dondorf, Cego Tarot -Germany (since 1858)
Deck
* C.Titze&Schinkay, Tarot (since 1859)
Deck
* Joseph Glanz, Tarot - Austria (1865)
Deck
* F.Pittner, Tarock - Austria (1865)
Deck
* Piatnik, Fools Tarock, Austria (1865 or 55)
Deck
* ca. 1890 "Grimaud" (France), deck "Classical Deities Tarot",
Deck
* LeQuart, Classical Deities Tarock - France (1890)
Deck
* Ceska Grafika, Tarock - Czechia (ca. 1890)
Deck
* ca. 1890, "Willeb" (Paris, France), deck "Tarot"
Deck
* Tarock - Austria, unknown (19th c. ?)
Deck
* Dondorf, Tarot - Germany (19th c.)
Deck
* H.F.Mueller, Tarot - Austria (19th/20th c.)
Deck
* Grimaud, Tarot Francais des Fleurs - France (1902)
Deck
* ASS, Proverbs Tarock - Germany (1920)
Deck
* August Denk, Tarock - Austria (1925)
Deck
* VSS, Tarock, Germany (1925)
Deck
* Bielefelder Cego - Germany (1954)
Deck
* Tarot Comedians Francaise, Heron, Dusserre, France
Tarocco Siciliano, changed row and motifs, 64 cards
- a special treasure, as till now there is not too much to the Tarocco Siciliano in the web. There is an article connected to the decks.
Deck
* 19th century "Lorenzo di Lorenzo" (Italy), deck "Tarocco Siciliano"
Deck
* 19th century "La Fortuna" (Italy) deck "Tarocco Siciliano"
Deck
* since 1966, "Modiano" (Italy), deck "Tarocco Siciliano"
Deck
* 18th century "Tuzzolino" (Italy), deck "Tarocco Siciliano"
Deck
* 1930 - 1975 "Concetta Campione" (Catania, Italy) deck "Tarocco Siciliano"
Minchiate, changed row and motifs, 97 cards
Deck
* Il Meneghello, "Minchiate Fiorentine", Italy 1986, reprint of design c. 1820 and first print after 1862
Deck
* Al Leone, "Minchiate Fiorentine", (Bologna, Italy) c.1790, reprint by Edizioni del Prado/Ediciones del Prado, Madrid, Spain, 2004
Deck
* "Carte di Etruria" (Italy), c.1725, reprint by "LoScarabeo" (Italy) as "Antiche Minchiate Etruria", 1996
Incomplete Minchiate
Deck
* unknown, Firenze, Italy, "Florence Minchiate", c.1700 (?)
Etteilla Tarot, altered row
Deck
* Esoteric Ancient Tarot - Italy, Lo Scarabeo (1997, based on Etteilla deck from 1870)
Deck
* Grimaud, "Grand Etteilla", France, edition of 1910
Deck
* "Rei Mundy" (Belgium) for Russia deck "Grand Etteilla", 2006 designed by V.Zaichenko
Incomplete Etteilla deck
Deck
* end of 18th century, "Bezu" ? (France), "Grand Etteilla"
Deck
* Egyptian Tarot, France - unknown(1845)
Deck
* Delarue, Le Grand Jeu de l'Oracle des Dames, France 1870, together with a complete reprint of 2003 by Lo Scarabeo, "The Book of Toth"
Tarot cards
Tarot card Fool
Tarot card Magician
Tarot card Popess
Tarot card Empress
Tarot card Emperor
Tarot card Pope
Tarot card Love
Tarot card Chariot
Tarot card Justice
Tarot card Hermit
Tarot card Wheel of Fortune
Tarot card Strength
Tarot card Hanging Man
Tarot card Death
Tarot card Temperance
Tarot card Devil
Tarot card Tower
Tarot card Star
Tarot card Moon
Tarot card Sun
Tarot card Judgment
Tarot card World
Author's site
Tarot history
Tarot and Playing Cards Museum
Tarot Iconography
Fortune Telling
Iconography of Mantegna Tarocchi
Tarot card iconography of Andrea Vitali